AVG DIALOGUE
−18
Digital audio has no shoulder. A blown RAW highlight often still has a stop of recovery in it; a digital audio clip at 0 dBFS has none — gone, unrecoverable, forever. So the whole discipline is headroom: speech peaks at −12, averages around −18, and the last 6 dB stays empty.
A quiet recording can be raised in post with almost no penalty. A clipped one is dead. Always err low.
| Situation | Mic | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Seated interview | Lav, sternum | 15–20 cm |
| Piece to camera | MI-shoe shotgun | arm's length |
| Ambience / B-roll | Camera or recorder, wide | the scene |
| POV / action | GoPro internal + foam | — |
| Every body, always | Scratch track | any |
Halving mic distance is worth more than any post plugin — get the capsule close before touching a dial. The MI shoe is digital: no cable, no preamp hiss, one less failure point.
A dead mic records exactly as confidently as a live one. The meters moving is the only proof.